Recent advances in synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived metal oxides and its composites for electrochemical energy storage applications

In recent years, metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived functional materials have been extensively used in energy-related applications. Among such functional materials, MOF-derived metal oxides (MOs) are the most desirable ones. Such MOF-derived MOs not only enhance the surface area, but also improve the cycling stability in various energy storage devices. The diverse application of MOF has been extended through such MOF-derived MOs. Owing to their special characteristics, such MOs are considered to be the better version of the conventional MOs. In this review article, we discuss the electrochemical energy storage application of such MOF-derived monometallic, bimetallic, and trimetallic MOs. It is important to note that, the thermal conversion of multi-metallic MOFs can produce the corresponding mixed MOs. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the synthetic approaches of the parent MOFs. In this aspect, a brief introduction of MOFs and their synthetic approaches are summarized. Moreover, the application of such MOs as the electrodes in supercapacitors and secondary batteries (mainly Li-ion batteries) are also discussed. The review article finishes with the existing drawbacks and future challenges of the MOF-derived MOs in energy-related applications.