A comprehensive review of the selected Flora of Iran on improving symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A partially irreversible expiratory airflow restriction, uncontrolled chronic inflammation, and emphysematous lung damage are the hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the globe. The standard treatments for COPD are still palliative, and there are no regenerative methods for disease management currently, despite the fact that it is a constantly expanding worldwide healthcare concern. Mustard gas is an alkylating chemical warfare agent that has respiratory side effects causing airway obstructive disease and bronchiectasis. Chronic pulmonary involvement following exposure to mustard gas, is known as "mustard lung" is considered a form of COPD. Herbal medicines can be used to treat COPD and in the present study, we aim to provide an overview of key pre-clinical and clinical studies addressing herbal therapy of COPD and mustard lung, using the flora of Iran, published in the past decades.