P38γ modulates the lipid metabolism in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the JAK–STAT signaling pathway

Abstract Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem in Western countries and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Although NAFLD is closely associated with obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The disease begins with excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, which in turn leads to liver cell damage, steatosis, inflammation, and so on. P38γ is one of the four isoforms of P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (P38 MAPKs) that contributes to inflammation in different diseases. In this research, we investigated the role of P38γ in NAFLD. In vivo, a NAFLD model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with a methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet and adeno‐associated virus (AAV9‐shRNA‐P38γ) was injected into C57BL/6J mice by tail vein for knockdown P38γ. The results indicated that the expression level of P38γ was upregulated in MCD‐fed mice. Furthermore, the downregulation of P38γ significantly attenuated liver injury and lipid accumulation in mice. In vitro, mouse hepatocytes AML‐12 were treated with free fatty acid (FFA). We found that P38γ was obviously increased in FFA‐treated AML‐12 cells, whereas knockdown of P38γ significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in FFA‐treated AML‐12 cells. Furthermore, P38γ regulated the Janus Kinase‐Signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling pathway. Inhibition of P38γ can inhibit the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting lipid accumulation in FFA‐treated AML‐12 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that targeting P38γ contributes to the suppression of lipid accumulation in fatty liver disease.