Genetic transformation via plant tissue culture techniques: Current and future approaches

In this last decade, the genetic transformation technique has been highly developed and widely used both for scientific purposes to elucidate the function of a particular gene in plants and for application in improving the quality and productivity of superior plants. The use of tissue culture techniques for genetic transformation is highly recommended. The appropriate nutrient medium and in vitro conditions to support plants' successful growth and development after genetic transformation are also important issues in plant tissue culture. Plant cells that have been transferred with foreign genes directly or indirectly by using Agrobacterium-mediated will express the genes and produce transgenic plants with expected superior properties. Some important genes are widely transferred to plants for various purposes: micropropagation (orchids, rice, eucalyptus), inducing resistance to pests and pathogens (citrus, wheat, tomato, rice), increasing nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals production (rice, tomato), and accelerating flowering (rice, orchids). These traits are indispensable in agribusiness, so genetic transformation is an excellent tool in the perspective of modern biotechnology.