Simulation and prediction of dengue outbreaks based on an SIR model with a time-dependent transmission rate including meteorological data. An example for Colombo and Jakarta

Vector-borne diseases can usually be examined with a vector–host model like the [Formula: see text] model. This, however, depends on parameters that contain detailed information about the mosquito population that we usually do not know. For this reason, in this article, we reduce the [Formula: see text] model to an [Formula: see text] model with a time-dependent and periodic transmission rate [Formula: see text]. Since the living conditions of the mosquitos depend on the local weather conditions, meteorological data sets flow into the model in order to achieve a more realistic behavior. The developed [Formula: see text] model is adapted to existing data sets of hospitalized dengue cases in Jakarta (Indonesia) and Colombo (Sri Lanka) using numerical optimization based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle. A previous data analysis shows that the results of this parameter fit are within a realistic range and thus allow further investigations. Based on this, various simulations are carried out and the prediction quality of the model is examined.