Off-chaining Models and Approaches to Off-chain Computations

Off-chaining has been suggested to enhance scalablity and privacy of blockchains, especially in public networks. However, a systematic classification is missing. In this paper, we propose generic off-chaining models categorizing different types of off-chaining. From our analysis of these models, we conclude that off-chain computations are particularly powerful and subsequently provide a description and comparison of off-chain computation approaches.