The subject of Biophotonics and Optofluidics has recently gained importance among the researchers working in modern optics. This paper presents the detailed technical analysis of the instruments based on the phenomena related with these interesting topics, besides discussing some important breakthroughs in the subject like – Uses in the Medical Field, and the Novel Energy generation Devices. The Mathematical Analysis of the Optical traps, and the image enhancement technique useful in in biophotonics and optofluidics has been discussed. Some of the recent novel investigations from the applications point of view, have also been qualitatively reviewed.