Regulation of Calcium Ion Channels with Conjugated Molecules for Modulating Biological Functions

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) channels play a key role in mediating cellular gene transcription and signal transduction, emerging as intriguing targets for modulating biological functions. Conjugated molecules (CMs) exhibit distinctive advantages of tunable optoelectronic properties, intrinsic bioactivities, and flexible assembly characteristics, providing various opportunities for the regulation of Ca 2+ channels. In this Outlook, we introduce the CM-based external-light-reliable or -free photodynamic, the first/second near-infrared (NIR-I/II) light-enabled photothermal, and supramolecular regulations of Ca 2+ channels for modulating biological functions, including cancer and thrombolysis therapy, remote neurostimulation, and glycemic management. On the other hand, the challenges and perspectives on advancing fast response time, multimodal responsiveness, targeted precision, and biosafety are also discussed, clearly mapping out future development trajectories.