Fluorides Capture: Delving Into the Bond Between Metal–Organic Frameworks and Capture Dynamics

Abstract The emergence of fluoride contamination in water sources raises significant environmental and health concerns. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing attention as effective materials for fluoride removal due to their adjustable structures, high surface areas, and versatile functions. This review provides a thorough overview of recent advancements in the design and application of MOFs for fluoride remediation. Key topics discussed include the mechanisms of fluoride capture through various interactions, the effects of framework functionalization, and the importance of structural parameters such as pore size and sieving effects. The review also examines the impact of coexisting ions on fluoride adsorption performance. Additionally, it highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with developing customized MOFs for efficient and selective fluoride removal.