Polarizaton‐Layered Core‐Sheath Architectured Ti 3 C 2 T X @ZnO@Carbon Fabric Composites for Broadband High‐Absorption Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Abstract The pursuit of sustainable electromagnetic protection systems integrating absorption‐dominated shielding and environmental adaptability presents fundamental challenges in interfacial engineering and multi‐physics structural design. A sustainable electromagnetic protection architecture (CC‐PZM) is demonstrated through interfacial‐engineered ZnO nanoarrays on polyaniline‐activated carbon cloth with MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T X) coatings. The polarization‐gradient core‐sheath design synergizes 1) morphology‐modulated permittivity (pencil/needle/rod ZnO via additive crystallization), 2) multi‐scale ZnO/PANI/Ti 3 C 2 T X heterointerfaces enhancing dipole/interface polarization, and 3) 3D conductive networks enabling cascaded impedance matching. The composite achieves absorption‐dominated shielding ( SEA / SET = 90% @29 dB) with minimal reflection ( RL min = −65.01 dB @1.9 mm, 99.99997% absorption) and ultralight density (0.279 g cm − 3 ), outperforming carbon‐based counterparts. The hierarchical structure delivers record‐breaking broadband absorption ( EAB = 10.94 GHz) while maintaining electrothermal stability (80 °C @10 V) through synergistic Joule heating. Environmental validation confirms >90% functional retention under harsh conditions (−20–150 °C, 85% RH): 95% EM absorption (−57 dB), <8% EMI decay after 150 h hygrothermal aging, and <10% structural/dielectric variations. Mechanical durability persists through 91% strength retention with <50 nm surface defects. This work establishes a green electromagnetic protection paradigm with combined performance metrics ( RL min = −65.01 dB, SEA = 26.1 dB, 10.94 GHz EAB ) and environmental robustness, showing transformative potential for aerospace electromagnetic ecosystems.