Low-Molecular-Weight Fraction of Ripe Pu-erh Tea Protects against Alcohol-Induced Gastric Injury via Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation

and increased butyrate production. Antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion attenuated T3 efficacy, supporting a microbiota-dependent mechanism. Serum metabolomics further indicated regulation of glutathione-related pathways. Overall, T3 represents a promising low-molecular-weight fraction of Pu-erh tea for dietary prevention of AGI through modulation of microbiota-gut-stomach homeostasis.