Magnetic Relaxation Switching Immunosensors via a Click Chemistry-Mediated Controllable Aggregation Strategy for Direct Detection of Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is the most frequently found organophosphate pesticide residue in solid food samples and can cause increasing public concerns about potential risks to human health. Traditional detection signals of such small molecules are mostly generated by target-mediated indirect conversion, which tends to be detrimental to sensitivity and accuracy. Herein, a novel magnetic relaxation switching detection platform was developed for target-mediated direct and sensitive detection of CPF with a controllable aggregation strategy based on a bioorthogonal ligation reaction between tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) ligands. Under optimal conditions, this sensor can achieve a detection limit of 37 pg/mL with a broad linear range of 0.1-500 ng/mL in 45 min, which is approximately 51-fold lower than that of the gas chromatography analysis and 13-fold lower than that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proposed click chemistry-mediated controllable aggregation strategy is direct, rapid, and sensitive, indicating great potential for residue screening in food matrices.