Multi-omics analysis of lung tissue metabolome and proteome reveals the therapeutic effect of Shegan Mahuang Decoction against asthma in rats

Shegan Mahuang Decoction (SMD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for asthma treatment, but the anti-asthma mechanism of SMD is still not fully studied. In this study, we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma rat model and treated it with SMD to observe its anti-asthma effect and explore the related mechanism. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of SMD via testing the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and performing the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of lung tissue slices. We analyzed the variations of metabolites and proteins in the lung tissue of different groups using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics and TMT-based proteomics approaches. The metabolic biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were picked, and the related signal transduction pathways were also investigated. In addition, the key proteins on the signaling pathway were validated through western blotting (WB) experiment to reveal the anti-asthma mechanism of SMD. The results showed that the SMD could significantly reduce the serum levels of IgE, CRP, IL-4, and IL-6 and attenuate the OVA-induced pathological changes in lung tissue. A total of 34 metabolic biomarkers and 84 DEPs were screened from rat lung tissue, which were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lysosome pathway. Besides, SMD could inhibit the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. SMD exhibited a therapeutic effect on asthma, which possibly be exerted by inhibiting the MyD88/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway.