Large piezoelectric strain under low driving electric field in Sm 3+ doped BaTiO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Lead-free (Ba 1-x Sm x )(Sn 0.08 Ti 0.92 )O 3 -0.6%MnO 2 ceramics with outstanding piezoelectric strain coefficient (1580 pm/V) under very low driving electric field E D (3kV/cm) are successfully prepared. Our design strategy is to construct a unique microstructure...