管理
运营管理
业务
过程管理
社会学
工程类
经济
标识
DOI:10.5465/amr.1987.4306720
摘要
The major paradigms of organizational theory suggest four imperatives or powerful influences—environment, structure, leadership, and strategy—that help shape organizational configurations. The configurations in turn reveal the range of applicability of the paradigms, signifying their middle range, as opposed to universal nature. Conjectures are drawn about the theoretical roots, causal patterns, common elements, facilitating conditions, and modes of change of each imperative.
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