Pollen‐Biochar‐Based Tactile‐Pain Dual‐Function Sensors for Intelligent Robotics

Abstract Achieving human‐like tactile and pain perception is crucial for intelligent robot systems. However, current sensor technologies often fail to simultaneously detect both stimuli or require structurally complex designs. In this study, a highly sensitive tactile‐pain dual‐function sensor enabled by pollen‐derived biochar materials is presented. The biochar particles are synthesized and filled in an elastic nanofiber membrane to serve as the sensitive layer of a pressure sensor. Owing to the unique sea urchin‐like microstructure of the biochar particles, this sensor shows relatively moderate resistance change under low pressure but significantly sharper response upon needle prick or excessively high pressure, thereby distinguishing the low‐threshold tactile sensations and high‐threshold pain sensations. Furthermore, this dual‐function sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity of 105.6 kPa −1 , and can operate over a wide pressure range (0.4 Pa–3000 kPa). By integrating a 4 × 4 array of these sensors onto a dexterous robotic hand, the intelligent capabilities of object shape recognition and self‐protection upon harmful tasks, significantly enhancing the efficiency and safety of robotic grasping operations are demonstrated.