Methyl Ketones as Alkyl Halide Surrogates: A Deacylative Halogenation Approach for Strategic Functional Group Conversions

Alkyl halides are versatile precursors to access diverse functional groups (FGs). Due to their lability, the development of surrogates for alkyl halides is strategically important for complex molecule synthesis. Given the stability and ease of derivatization inherent in common alkyl ketones, here we report a deacylative halogenation approach to convert various methyl ketones to the corresponding alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. The reaction is driven by forming an aromatic byproduct, i.e., 1,2,4-triazole, in which N'-methylpicolinohydrazonamide (MPHA) is employed to form a prearomatic intermediate and halogen atom-transfer (XAT) reagents are used to quench the alkyl radical intermediate. The reaction is efficient in yielding primary and secondary alkyl halides from a wide range of methyl ketones with broad FG tolerance. It also works for complex natural-product-derived and fluoro-containing substrates. In addition, one-pot conversions of methyl ketones to various other FGs and annulations with alkenes and alkynes through deacylative halogenation are realized. Moreover, an unusual iterative homologation of alkyl iodides is also demonstrated. Finally, mechanistic studies reveal an intriguing double XAT process for the deacylative iodination reaction, which could have implications beyond this work.