Controlled roll to roll pre-lithiation by lithium vacuum vapor deposition for high performance silicon based lithium-ion battery

Silicon oxides (SiOx) anode has attracted great interest for high-energy–density lithium-ion battery due to its extremely abundant reserves, low cost, and easy synthesis. Despite these merits, its low initial columbic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycle ability severely hinder it from widely using. Pre-lithiation methods are considered to be the effective strategies to overcome low ICE concerns. However, current pre-lithiation methods are always limited by their own drawbacks, such as complicated process and uncontrollable pre-lithiation degree. In this work, we reported a controlled roll-to-roll pre-lithiation method with lithium vacuum vapor deposition. Our pre-lithiation method can not only achieve controllable and uniform pre-lithiation degree of SiOx anode, but also is a process simplified design appropriate for large-scale applications. The electrochemical performance of our pre-lithiated anode achieved 10 % ICE improvement and much stable cycle, demonstrating promising potential for commercial applications.