Electric‐Induced Enhancement and Modulation of Upconversion Photoluminescence in Epitaxial BaTiO3:Yb/Er Thin Films

Upconversion control: Applying a relatively low bias voltage to an epitaxial lanthanide-doped BaTiO3 thin film results in a significant enhancement of the upconversion emission. Moreover, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity can be modulated with an ac electric field (see picture). This approach provides a real-time and dynamic way to control photoluminescence.