Osteoartrite: uma revisão de literatura

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Osteorartritis is defined by the American College of Rheumatology as a heterogeneous group of conditions that induce painful joint signs and symptoms associated with a defect in the integrity of articular cartilage. It is the most common degenerative joint disease in the world, affecting more than 25% of the population over the age of 18 years. Its etiology is multifactorial. Given the epidemiological expressiveness of this comorbidity, it becomes relevant to deepen the knowledge and the most current concepts about osteoarthritis. Objectives: To review the principles for osteoarthritis present in the medical literature. Methodology: This is a literature review, with reference to the PubMed and Scielo databases, between June 2016 and April 2017. Review: An osteoarthritis has as main risk factors advanced age, previous joint lesions, obesity And genetic components. Its diagnostic criteria are clinical and radiological, but its most striking and characteristic symptom is pain, which can lead to a functional limitation. Its treatment must necessarily involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. Among drugs, analgesics and anti-inflammatories with a high level of evidence, its prescription requires parsimony with adverse potentials. Disease-modifying drugs (DMDOA) are widely under study today. Nonpharmacological measures (physical activity, integrative practices, use of walking sticks and orthotics) are essential for the clinical management of osteoarthritis. Conclusions: The practice of medicine requires the extensive field knowledge of comorbidities and, above all, the most prevalent ones. Mainly in the generalist performance, knowing the osteoarthritis should aggregate as nuances of diagnosis, classification and treatment. As for today has been, the study of osteoarthritis should be continuously clarified, aiming at the global health of the patients afflicted by this disease and a good medical practice in evidence.