Absence of Hyperlipidemia in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice Having Apolipoprotein B100 Without the Putative Receptor-Binding Sequences

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of apoB100 structure, specifically a mutation in the LDLr binding region, on the production of LDL and development of atherosclerosis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ldlr(-/-)Apobec1(-/-) mice lacking the LDLR and apoB editing enzyme accumulated LDL in plasma and developed severe atherosclerosis when they had wild-type apoB100. In marked contrast, in Ldlr(-/-)Apobec1(-/-) mice carrying the Apob100-beta mutation, in the 2 putative LDLR-binding domains of apoB prevented both LDL accumulation and atherosclerosis. Intestinal absorption of lipids and triglyceride secretion from the liver were not affected. However, the VLDL particles with apoB100-beta were larger in volume by about 70%, and carried approximately four times as much apoE per particle. ApoB100-beta synthesis rate in the primary hepatocytes was normal, but its intracellular degradation was enhanced. Additionally, mutant apoB100 VLDL cleared from the circulation more quickly in vivo through apoE-LRP-mediated mechanism than VLDL with wild-type apoB100. In contrast, uptake of the 2 VLDL by macrophages were not different. CONCLUSIONS: While conformational change to apoB100 during conversion of VLDL to LDL exposes LDLR binding domains and facilitates LDLR-mediated lipoprotein clearance, it may also inhibit LRP-mediated VLDL uptake and contribute to LDL accumulation in familial hypercholesterolemia.