DNA Helix Bundle‐Encoded Multi‐Bit Information Readout by Sapphire‐Supported Nanopores

Abstract The increasing demand for high‐capacity data storage continues to drive innovation in memory technologies. DNA has recently emerged as a promising medium due to its exceptionally high data density and long‐term stability. Here, a DNA‐based data storage and readout scheme is presented that leverages sapphire‐supported, low‐noise solid‐state nanopores for reliable detection of nanostructured DNA. Data are encoded onto four‐helix bundle (4HB) DNA structures, enabling flexible programmability and secure readout. The sapphire‐supported nanopores demonstrate a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (≈22) under a 250 kHz filtering frequency, allowing precise signal discrimination during readout. Using a decision‐tree supervised learning algorithm, up to ≈93% of encoded messages are accurately classified, demonstrating the feasibility of letter and message encoding for information retrieval. This work highlights the potential of integrating DNA nanostructures with low‐noise nanopore technology for high‐density, secure, and scalable data storage applications.