Facile synthesis of MOF-177 by a sonochemical method using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone as a solvent

High quality MOF-177 crystals in the size range of 5-20 microm were successfully synthesized via a sonochemical route in a substantially reduced synthesis time (40 min) in the presence of low-cost NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) as a solvent. Microwave heating in NMP also produced MOF-177 under similar conditions (35 min, 5-50 microm) but exhibited inferior crystallinity. In comparison, a conventional solvothermal route in DEF (diethylformamide) took 48 h to produce MOF-177 crystals 0.5-1.5 mm in size. The BET surface areas of the MOF-177 samples decreased in the order of sonochemical (4898 m(2) g(-1)) > conventional (4833 m(2) g(-1)) > microwave route (4197 m(2) g(-1)). In line with this trend, MOF-177 prepared via the sonochemical route resulted in the highest CO(2) adsorption capacity, 1315 mg g(-1) at 30 bar and 298 K. The product yield of MOF-177 synthesized via the sonochemical route was 95.6%, and was significantly higher than the product yields of other methods.