Advancing supercapacitors with graphene-based 2D–2D heterostructures and heteroatom engineering

Graphene-based two-dimensional heterostructures are gaining attention as promising solutions for supercapacitor applications due to their remarkable properties. Graphene's vast surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength make it an ideal material for enhancing supercapacitors performance. Combined with other 2D materials, such as transition metal oxides, graphitic carbon nitride, layered double hydroxides, and transition metal dichalcogenides, these heterostructures exhibit synergistic effects that improve electrochemical properties, including energy and power densities. This review discusses recent advancements in synthesizing graphene-based 2D-2D heterostructures using different methods. By modulating the electronic structure and incorporating heteroatoms, these materials demonstrated enhanced charge transport, leading to improved energy density and capacitance. The findings underscore the potential of graphene-based heterostructures to revolutionize next-generation energy storage technologies, paving the way for more efficient supercapacitors.