Acute splenomegaly, haemolysis, and thrombocytopenia following luspatercept initiation in a patient with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia: A case report

Summary Patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia (TDT) require chronic, life‐sustaining red blood cell transfusions, which contribute to iron overload and associated morbidity and mortality. Luspatercept, an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor‐beta pathway, decreases transfusion requirements in a subset of transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia patients and is increasingly prescribed in clinical practice. Subsequent to regulatory approvals, several reports have identified the risk of extra‐medullary haematopoiesis, which resulted in updated safety labelling. In this report, we present a case of a patient with TDT who developed severe splenomegaly, haemolysis and thrombocytopenia necessitating treatment discontinuation.