Upadacitinib outperforms dupilumab in restoring the fungal microbiome in atopic dermatitis

Our study is the first to compare fungal microbiome changes in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) before and after treatment with upadacitinib and dupilumab. We found that upadacitinib more effectively restores the fungal microbiome to levels observed in healthy individuals, which may contribute to its superior efficacy in head-and-neck dermatitis (a subtype of AD). The results enhance our understanding of how JAK inhibitors influence the skin microbiome in AD.