Simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature based on a twin-core single-hole fiber with the optical Vernier effect

An ultrasensitive optical fiber sensor based on the optical Vernier effect is proposed for the simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. The sensor structure comprises two cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with different free space ranges. The single MZI is built up by fusion splicing a segment of ∼3 mm twin-core single-hole fiber (TCSHF) between two pieces of ∼5 mm none core fibers (NCF). When acting separately, each MZI can respond linearly to the axial strain change with a sensitivity of ∼ 0.6 pm/µε and temperature with a sensitivity of ∼34 pm/°C. When the two MZIs are cascaded in series, the sensitivities are amplified about 30 times because of the optical Vernier effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the cascaded structure exhibits a high axial strain sensitivity of ∼ 17 pm/µε in the range of 0 to 2000 µε and temperature sensitivity of ∼1.16 nm/°C in the range of 30 to 70 °C. Moreover, the cascaded structure can simultaneously measure the axial strain and temperature change in the acceptable error ranges.