CuSO4/N-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)picolinamide-Catalyzed C–O Coupling of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides with Phenols on Water

A Cu-catalyzed C-O coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides with phenols at 120 °C on water was developed with a designed ligand, N-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)picolinamide (L2). This method features a good substrate scope (both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing), low catalyst/ligand loadings (down to 1 mol %), and excellent scalability and practicability.