A Journey through Scaffolds: Indolines, Pyrrolidines, and Azetidines in the Quest for Inhaled DDR Inhibitors for IPF

was identified as the most promising one for its nanomolar potency, improved kinase selectivity, reduced cardiotoxicity risk, and excellent inhaled PK profile. It demonstrated activity in a collagen-induced pharmacodynamic mouse model, supporting its potential as an inhaled DDR inhibitor for IPF and validating the azetidine scaffold as a promising starting point for further optimization.