Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors in Adults: WHO 2021 Imaging and Molecular Updates

Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors are defined histologically by the presence of mixed glial and neuronal elements in the case of glioneuronal tumors, and by neuronal elements in the case of neuronal tumors. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the latest edition of central nervous system tumor classifications and added three new glioneuronal tumors, as well as further delineated histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular markers associated with the diagnosis of these tumors. This review aims to highlight the key updated features of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors in adults based on the 5^th edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system tumors by clinical and epidemiological presentation, imaging appearance, and pathology.ABBREVIATIONS: DGONC = diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters; DLGNT = diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor; DNET = dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor; LEAT = long term epilepsy associated tumor; MGNT = myxoid glioneuronal tumor; MVNT = multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor; PGNT = papillary glioneuronal tumor; RGNT = rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor; WHO = World Health Organization.