The paper presents the results of an in situ investigation of the evolution of deformation fields during compression of cylindrical and dumbbell-like steel rods at meso- and macroscale levels using digital image correlation method. A different nature of distributions of localized strain regions on the sample surface during compression of cylindrical and dumbbell-like steel rods at stages II and III was established. It was revealed that the change in strain patterns on the sample surface during compression of cylindrical and dumbbell-like steel rods correlates with the stages on the “stress-strain” curves and reflects the change in strain mechanisms.