Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Electrocatalysis Applications

Recently, electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (EC-MOFs) have emerged as a wealthy library of porous frameworks with unique properties, allowing their use in diverse applications of energy conversion, including electrocatalysis. In this review, the electron conduction mechanisms in EC-MOFs are examined, while their electrical conductivities are considered. There have been various strategies to enhance the conductivities of MOFs including ligand modification, the incorporation of conducting materials, and the construction of multidimensional architectures. With sufficient conductivities being established for EC-MOFs, there have been extensive pursuits in their electrocatalysis applications, such as in the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, N₂ reduction reaction, and CO₂ reduction reaction. In addition, computational modeling of EC-MOFs also exerts an important impact on revealing the synthesis-structure-performance relationships. Finally, the prospects and current challenges are discussed to provide guidelines for designing promising framework materials.