Localized photothermal–chemotherapy synergy via Bi 2 S 3 and sorafenib co-loaded dissolvable microneedles: a non-invasive precision delivery approach for melanoma suppression

Dissolvable microneedle patches co-loaded with Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles and sorafenib enable synergistic photothermal–chemotherapy, offering a non-invasive, localized strategy for effective melanoma suppression with minimal systemic toxicity.