Metal– CO 2 Batteries: Novel Routes for CO 2 Utilization

With the ever-increasing concern of long-lasting greenhouse effect and energy issues, metal–CO 2 battery system has aroused considerable attention as an emerging CO 2 capture technology to realize the fixation of CO 2 , energy storage, and conversion. However, the development of the system is still restricted by various scientific issues, such as high overpotential, poor reversibility, and low cyclability. This review introduces the fundamental electrochemistry and reaction mechanisms of different metal–CO 2 batteries. Then, the comprehensive reaction mechanisms of CO 2 reduction/evolution, design strategies of cathode electrocatalysts, and the roles of electrolytes are systematically discussed. Finally, the review summarizes the existing problems and relative modification strategies of metal–CO 2 batteries in several aspects.