Three‐in‐One: Molecular Engineering of D–A–π–A Featured Type I and Type II Near‐Infrared AIE Photosensitizers for Efficient Photodynamic Cancer Therapy and Bacteria Killing

Abstract Bacterial infections are closely correlated with the genesis and progression of cancer, and the elimination of cancer‐related bacteria may improve the efficacy of cancer treatment. However, the combinatorial therapy that utilizes two or more chemodrugs will increase potential adverse effects. Image‐guided photodynamic therapy is a highly precise and potential therapy to treat tumor and microbial infections. Herein, four donor–acceptor–π‐bridge–acceptor (D–A–π–A) featured near‐infrared (NIR) aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) ( TQTPy , TPQTPy , TQTC , and TPQTC ) with type I and type II reaction oxygen species (ROS) generation capabilities are synthesized. Notably, TQTPy shows mitochondria targeted capacity, the best ROS production efficiency, long‐term tumor retention capacity, and more importantly, the three‐in‐one fluorescence imaging guided therapy against both tumor and microbial infections. Both in vitro and in vivo results validate that TQTPy performs well in practical biomedical application in terms of NIR‐fluorescence imaging‐guided photodynamic cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the amphiphilic and positively charged TQTPy is able to specific and ultrafast discrimination and elimination of Gram‐positive (G+) Staphylococcus aureus from Gram‐negative (G−) Escherichia coli and normal cells. This investigation provides an instructive way for the construction of three‐in‐one treatment for image‐guided photodynamic cancer therapy and bacteria elimination.