The role of breadfruit OSA starch and surfactant in stabilizing high-oil-load emulsions using high-pressure homogenization and low-frequency ultrasonication

This study aimed to investigate the role of modified breadfruit starch in the presence of Tween 80 for stabilizing the oil-in-water emulsions. An ultra turrax homogenizer was used to produce coarse emulsions, followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) or low-frequency ultrasonication (LFU) for fine emulsions. The breadfruit starch was chemically modified using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to produce modified breadfruit OSA starch (BOSA). The dispersed phase was a mixture of palm and lemon oil in a 9:1 ratio. Two BOSA (1% and 2%), three oil concentrations (10%, 25%, and 40%) and Tween 80 (1% of the total amount of oil) were examined based on the emulsion stability. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that starch modification was successful (Degree of Substitution-DS, 0.0241). The most stable coarse emulsions contained 40% oil and 2% BOSA starch. The same formula produced fine emulsions that remained stable for over 42 days, regardless of the homogenization method. BOSA starch and Tween 80 exhibit a mixed stabilization effect on the oil-in-water emulsions. HPH produced more uniformly sized emulsion droplets when compared with those produced using LFU.