Effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women. The results of this study will provide an effective means for postmenopausal women to control BP and reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Eligible studies were searched in five electronic databases until November 2020, and 11 randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to calculate overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). This study was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number: CRD42021225546.Compared with the control group, the aerobic combined resistance exercise significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 0.81 mmHg (95% CI, -1.34 to -0.28) and 0.62 mmHg (95% CI, -1.11 to -0.14), respectively. The results of the meta-analysis also indicated that a significant reduction in brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) of - 1.18 m/s (95% CI, -1.81 to -0.56) and heart rate (HR) of -0.22 beats/min (95% CI: -0.42 to -0.02) after combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention. Subgroup analysis showed that postmenopausal women ≥60 years of age who were overweight or had a normal baseline BP were more sensitive to the combined aerobic and resistance exercise. When combined aerobic and resistance exercise frequency < 3 times/week, weekly exercise time ≥ 150 min, or the duration of exercise lasted for 12 weeks, the SBP and DBP of postmenopausal women could be reduced more effectively.The present study indicates that combined aerobic and resistance exercise can significantly reduce BP in postmenopausal women. Accordingly, combined aerobic and resistance exercise may be an effective way to prevent and manage hypertension in postmenopausal women.