A Critical Review on Bimetallic Nickel Based Catalysts and Its Catalytic Stability during Hydrodeoxygenations of Bio-Oil

The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions which remove chemically bonded oxygen in the form of water have been considered as a promising technique for bio-oil upgrading to various types of Fuel. In this regard many researchers’ attention focused toward nickel-based catalysts for HDO reaction by considering it cheapness, availability and good catalytic activity, which resulted to huge literature accumulation. We earlier provided a review on mono-metallic nickel-based catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation which were found to have lower catalytic activity compared with bimetallic catalysts for this type of reaction. Therefore, in this review we focused toward bimetallic nickel-based catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation reactions and we further extended outlook on deactivation of nickel-based catalysts and finally recommendation for future work.