Less-acidic boric acid-functionalized self-assembled monolayer for mitigating NiOx corrosion for efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells

-Ni coordination. A benzothiophene-fused head group enhances interfacial bonding through S-Ni orbital interactions, yielding higher binding energy than PA-SAMs. This design also promotes homogeneous SAM formation without aggregation. Resultantly, the WBG cell exhibits an improved PCE to 20.1%. When integrated with narrow bandgap (NBG) subcell, the two-terminal (2T) TSCs achieve an ameliorative PCE of 28.5% and maintain 90% of the initial PCE after maximum power point tracking (MPP) under 1 sun illumination for 500 h.