Encapsulation of anti-VEGF nanobody into niosome nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance circulation half life and efficacy

This study aimed to encapsulate an anti-VEGF nanobody (Nb) within niosome nanoparticles (NNPs) to enhance its circulation half life. Key parameters such as encapsulation efficiency, stability, Nb release, cytotoxicity, and cell migration inhibition in HUVEC cells were evaluated, along with pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Nb-loaded NNPs (Nb-NNPs) were successfully prepared with an encapsulation efficiency of 78.3 ± 3.2% and demonstrated stability over one month.