Adaptive time-domain impact extraction method for multi-source impact vibration signal of diesel engine

Diesel engines are widely used in fields such as ships, vehicles, and nuclear power. The vibration signals of a diesel engine’s casing exhibit a characteristic of intermittent distribution of multi-source impacts. In response to the challenges faced by existing feature extraction methods in identifying and localizing impact signals, this paper proposes the adaptive time-domain impact extraction (ATDIE) method, which is based on the characteristics of impact signals exhibiting local high-energy distribution in the time domain and rapid amplitude decay. The purpose of the ATDIE method is to extract various impact components from multi-source impact signals. The ATDIE method constructs a solution model with the goal of minimizing the signal’s multi-order amplitude central moments. By using the residual iterative solution method, the number of extracted components is adaptively determined. Then, an impact window optimization function is established to enhance the adaptability. Finally, the test results with both simulation signals and diesel engine signals demonstrate that the ATDIE method possesses good capabilities for impact extraction and computational efficiency.