压力反射
反射
医学
血流动力学
血管舒张
血压
血管阻力
交感神经系统
循环系统
自主神经系统
内科学
体育锻炼
刺激
心脏病学
心率
作者
Hsuan‐Yu Wan,Kanokwan Bunsawat,Markus Amann
出处
期刊:American Journal of Physiology-heart and Circulatory Physiology
[American Physiological Society]
日期:2023-10-01
卷期号:325 (4): H675-H686
被引量:4
标识
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00303.2023
摘要
The cardiovascular response to exercise is largely determined by neurocirculatory control mechanisms that help to raise blood pressure and modulate vascular resistance which, in concert with regional vasodilatory mechanisms, promote blood flow to active muscle and organs. These neurocirculatory control mechanisms include a feedforward mechanism, known as central command, and three feedback mechanisms, namely, 1) the baroreflex, 2) the exercise pressor reflex, and 3) the arterial chemoreflex. The hemodynamic consequences of these control mechanisms result from their influence on the autonomic nervous system and subsequent alterations in cardiac output and vascular resistance. Although stimulation of the baroreflex inhibits sympathetic outflow and facilitates parasympathetic activity, central command, the exercise pressor reflex, and the arterial chemoreflex facilitate sympathetic activation and inhibit parasympathetic drive. Despite considerable understanding of the cardiovascular consequences of each of these mechanisms in isolation, the circulatory impact of their interaction, which occurs when various control systems are simultaneously activated (e.g., during exercise at altitude), has only recently been recognized. Although aging and cardiovascular disease (e.g., heart failure, hypertension) have both been recognized to alter the hemodynamic consequences of these regulatory systems, this review is limited to provide a brief overview on the action and interaction of neurocirculatory control mechanisms in health.
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