Dynamic Radiative Thermal Management Technologies: From Principles and Materials to Synergistic Optimization Design

Global energy consumption continues to rise, presenting a critical challenge.Thermal energy, as the primary form of energy use, accounts for approximately 51% of global final energy consumption.Consequently, developing high-efficiency thermal management technologies with low or even zero energy input has become an urgent challenge.As an emerging strategy, dynamic radiative thermal management (DRTM) exploits tunable spectral radiative properties of materials to achieve precise temperature control in response to environmental changes, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort.This review summarizes the fundamental principles of DRTM.Recognizing the limitations of existing classification schemes in encompassing the diversity of DRTM developments, this review proposes a novel framework that categorizes related studies into three categories: externally stimulated control, material intrinsic adaptive control and materials-structures synergistic optimization, the latter representing a key future development trend.On this basis, we discuss in detail the working mechanisms, recent research progress and representative material systems associated with each group.Particular emphasis is placed on comparing their performance in terms of solar absorptance, J.