Application of fluorescent covalent organic frameworks in gas sensors

Fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (FCOFs) are crystalline porous materials constructed through precise covalent assembly of organic building blocks. Their engineered architectures combine structural regularity, tunable porosity, high surface areas, and exceptional thermal/chemical stability with programmable fluorescence properties. These characteristics enable FCOFs to outperform conventional fluorescent materials in gas sensing applications, particularly in sensitivity and selectivity. This review examines fundamental design principles of FCOFs, including dimensional control and linkage chemistry. We discuss recent advances in FCOF-based gas sensors, focusing on detection mechanisms for various target analytes. Current challenges regarding selectivity, environmental stability, and large-scale production are critically analyzed, along with potential solutions. The review concludes with perspectives on emerging applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety, providing guidance for future development of high-performance FCOF sensors.