Large-Scale Model Earth Pressure Tests on Flexible Bulkheads

Large-scale model tests of the earth pressure on flexible bulkheads are described in this paper. The main design features of the testing installation at Princeton University (Princeton, N. J.) are outlined. A description is given of tests performed with submerged sand backfills, with clay and with sand-clay mixture backfills placed in a fluid condition, and with sand dikes and with vertical sand blankets of varying thickness backfilled with fluid clay.