免疫检查点
医学
免疫疗法
乳腺癌
肿瘤微环境
封锁
三阴性乳腺癌
免疫系统
雌激素受体
癌症研究
激素受体
临床试验
受体
肿瘤科
癌症
内科学
免疫学
作者
Ioannis A. Vathiotis,Ioannis Trontzas,Niki Gavrielatou,Georgia Gomatou,Nikolaos Syrigos,Ηλίας Κοττέας
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.clbc.2022.06.004
摘要
Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy has been incorporated in the treatment algorithm of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, clinical trial results for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive disease appear less compelling. HR-positive tumors exhibit lower levels of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in comparison with their triple-negative counterparts. Moreover, signaling through estrogen receptor alters the immune microenvironment, rendering such tumors immunologically "cold." To explain differential responses to immune checkpoint blockade, this review interrogates differences between HR-positive and TNBC. Starting from distinct genomic features, we further present disparities concerning the tumor microenvironment and finally, we summarize early-phase clinical trial results on promising novel immunotherapy combinations.
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