Mapping the Research Landscape and Emerging Trends in Hashimoto's Encephalopathy: A CiteSpace-Based Visualization Analysis

INTRODUCTION: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions and is often accompanied by various comorbid conditions. Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) represents one of its most severe neurological complications. This study aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of recent research trends in HE. METHODS: We retrieved global publications on HE from 1990 to 2025 from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted utilizing CiteSpace. RESULTS: As of now, 641 publications on HE have been authored by researchers across 65 countries. Yoneda Makoto has authored the largest number of publications on HE, while Brain L. is the most frequently co-cited author. The Mayo Clinic emerges as the leading institution in HE research, and the United States ranks first in terms of publication volume, maintaining a dominant position in the field. Neurology stands out as both the most prolific journal in terms of publications and the most frequently co-cited source. An analysis of keywords and cited references reveals that current research hotspots in HE primarily center on its clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and serological biomarkers-particularly the role of anti-α-enolase antibodies. CONCLUSION: These focal points reflect ongoing efforts to better characterize the disease and enhance diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the integration of emerging technologies-such as advanced imaging, high-throughput omics, and machine learning-holds promise for developing novel strategies aimed at the early detection and more precise diagnosis of HE, potentially improving patient outcomes.