Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside Chloride Attenuates Streptococcus suis-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Murine Macrophage J774 Cells

serotype 2 (SS2), considered to be the most frequent and virulent type among identified serotypes, is an important emerging or re-emerging zoonotic pathogen. Inflammation is thought to be a hallmark of SS2 infection, as demonstrated by most clinical symptoms varying from an asymptomatic bacteremia to a fulminant systemic disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a widely distributed anthocyanin, could exert a protective effect against the SS2-mediated inflammatory response, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms in J774 cells