Medulloblastoma is the most frequent childhood brain tumor. Medulloblastoma affects the cerebellum, the brain region that regulates motor coordination and is also involved in certain cognitive functions. Medulloblastoma is a heterogeneous tumor, and recent advances in high-throughput genomic techniques have allowed medulloblastoma to be classified into four molecularly distinct subgroups: the SHH-group, WNT-group, group 3, and group 4 medulloblastoma.