Ultrasonically assisted synthesis of Co-Ni bimetallic oxides for simultaneous detection of furazolidone and metronidazole

This work developed an ultrasonically assisted synthesis of nickel cobaltite (NiCo₂O₄) modified electrode for simultaneous detection of Furazolidone (FRZ) and Metronidazole (MTR) in biological samples. The structural and chemical properties of the as-prepared electrodes were systematically characterized through multiple analytical techniques. The NiCo₂O₄-modified glassy carbon electrode (NiCo₂O₄/GCE) demonstrated exceptional performance with wide linear ranges of 0.005-200 μM for MTR and 0.01-150 μM for FRZ, with remarkably low detection limits of 2.57 nM and 29.13 nM, respectively. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity against common interferents, good reproducibility, and maintained > 90 % activity after 30 days. NiCo₂O₄/GCE can be used to detect MTR and FRZ in real pharmaceutical and serum samples, achieving excellent recovery rates within the range of 94.0 % to 114.0 %. This work not only presents a superior sensing platform for antibiotic monitoring but also establishes ultrasound-assisted synthesis as an effective strategy for developing advanced bimetallic oxide electrocatalysts.